Democracy in Developing Countries Research Paper - 2750 Words

Democracy in Developing Countries (Research Paper Sample) Content: Democracy in Developing CountriesName:Institution:DateDemocracy in Developing CountriesAbstractDemocracy as a basic idea is today gaining support from levels (cultural, social, and economic) in developing countries. Today the definition and concept of democracy is becoming an increasingly important subject of debate within and among different countries. The practice is also regarded as an essential component that promotes progress and a wide variety of human concerns including the protection of the rights of human beings. However, many developing countries have accepted democracy without adopting the various relevant and viable institutional forms that permit the fuller growth of a democratic culture at all levels. This paper provides a description of the different institutions in society and the schools of thought in democracy that relate to these institutions. These include religious, cultural, political and economic school of thoughts.IntroductionThe Definitions of DemocracyAs a form of government and a concept, democracy is quite old. Democracy comprises of a governmental system that permits citizens the freedom to decide their desires. This in theory is a system of governance that is for the people and by the people contrary to the one despot autocratic rule or a few rulers in oligarchy (Fayemi 2009). Athens in ancient Greece is considered as the birthplace of democracy and the birthplace of western democracy that has acted as the foundation for democracy in most developing countries (Fayemi 2009). This concept has, however, remained elusive, and it is paradoxical that despite centuries of prevalent democratic governance globally, there is no single univocally accepted definition of the term democracy (Fayemi 2009).Intense debates exist that are within the continuum ranging from maximalist to minimalist approaches. The minimalistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ democratic theories are drawn from democracy scholars such as Adam Przeworski, Joseph Schumpeter, Ka rl Popper, William Riker, and Russell Hardin. They argue that democracy does not set conditions for its outcomes, and it does not characterize itself as anything else apart from an electoral system. They define democracy as a system where parties lose elections and perceive the value of democracy as being the transfer of power that is enacted via regular peaceful elections. The minimalist scholars indicate that democracy does not comprise of a rule by the people. It is a method where the power to make decisions is transferred to individuals that have competitively gained power through a struggle for the citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s votes.This minimalist conception of democracy is challenged by maximalist scholars, and they argue that when there are no guarantees of civil liberties elections do not contain democracy. They also argue that a minimum procedure for defining democracy should guarantee the basic civil rights, in addition, to elections. They identify four basic characteristics that should be evident for an institution to be considered democratic. These include an extensive competition by political candidates and parties for electoral votes and political participation allowing the electorate to select their candidates via free and fair elections. Finally, political and civil liberties that enable citizens to have the freedom of expression. They look at democracy as comprising the basic civilian, constitutional, a regime of multi-parties, with regular, free and fair and fair elections and universal suffrage. In addition, it comprises of organizational and informational pluralism and extensive civil liberties, power for elected officials, and a functional autonomy for the arms of the government.The Meaning of DemocracyNotwithstanding the fact that democracy is among the commonly used terms in the lexicon of political science and in mass media it is a process defying a simple answer. However, despite the differences in the definition of democracy between the minim alist and maximalist scholars, there are two main basic assumptions that are associated with democracy that are equality and liberty. Moreover, there are minimum requirements for an institution to be considered as being democratic. These include respecting human rights, respecting the rule of law, collective deliberation, participation and choice, a government that is representative and accountable. In democracy, values are not imposed on individuals and stipulate liberty, separation of power and majority rule. In addition, it requires the peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s sovereignty and gives primacy to the political and moral values of equality, reciprocity, and respect for other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s point of view.Schools of ThoughtDemocracy and ReligionThe subject of the relationship between religion and democracy is of extreme complexity. Historically, democracies have arisen that have been sustained via inputs from religion and other have fought religion. Some democracies have been inclined to wards on religion and its religious ideas while others have opposed all aspects associated with religion (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005). It is increasingly difficult to identify democracies that have been tolerant or positively approached different religions and promoted a harmonious relationship between different religions. Realistically, since the idea that a democracy is a governmental system that that is based on the separation between religious and political powers a conflict has always existed (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005).Most of the developing countries are in a democratic transition; therefore, it is only logical that religion in these nations be addressed from democratic transition perspective. Therefore, the question regards how a democratic transition reshapes the relationship of religion to governance (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005). This addressed on two levels these are, first, the consequences of the democratic transition in the relation ship between religion and governance. Second, the different forms of the relationship that are dependent on the religious organization (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005).Before the current democratic transition, the governments were not accountable to instruments and institutions that were outside itself. The parliaments considered themselves sovereign despite the constitutions invoking the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Almighty God.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Religion was considered as being legitimate only to the point where its symbols and rhetoric legitimized the powers of the state (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005).In the current democratic transitions the relationship between religion and governance is shifting from a dyadic focus of religion and the state to a more complex relationship between religion, independent institutions, and governments (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005). States are today subject of the greater à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"pre-state consensus by the public that is generated fr om a continuously changing argument among different groups that are either co-operating or competing. This process and consensus implies that democracy and democratization is not a simple universal franchise. Democracy for developing countries is a reorientation of the power relationships in the society and redefining the terms of the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s existence (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005).The organization of religions determines their interaction with government, public life, and law. These patterns of organization are varied with some lacking a discernible structure. These structures exist in a continuum each blending into the other as the social and cultural changes take place or exist together (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005). This democratic transition is not only a political and religious re-organization, but a transformation of how people communicate with each other in public spheres with pluralistic cultures (Diamond, Plattner and Costopoulus 2005).Democ ratic transition has reshaped the relationship of religion to governance through the appellation of new understandings of the nature and form of religion. This has provided a new understanding of the meaning and task of religion. That is from a position of struggling against the state for liberating the oppressed to providing a public forum. This is where people can persuasively argue about their common good (Mudacumura 2014). Therefore, the role of religion has been increased from just that of liberation to ensuring individuals have cultural tools, economic base, and public platforms required to take part in forming a common life (Mudacumura 2014). Democracy has, therefore, introduced many organizational changes in religion that has demanded the values, impulses, and power of formation of religious commitment. This is if the ethos it brings constitutionally flourishes and liberates individuals into a genuine public life. Hence, a constitutional order that is democratic has altered the religious formation in vital ways shaping the effect of religious groups on public policy (Mudacumura 2014).Democracy and CultureCulture is an important determinant of any societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s history, identity, and destiny. The dynamics within the social fabric of any society and, therefore, revolve around the societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture. Democracy includes more than institutions cultural democracy is the peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ability to practice their language and culture with freedom and without discrimination (Clarke and Foweraker 2002). A democratic culture indicates how the ways in which democracy is practiced and provided meaning by the political actors. Cultural democracy is a philosophical practice that gives recognition and respect to the existence of diverse cultural paradigms and its focused on transforming the behavior to appreciate the richness present in all cultures (Clarke and Foweraker 2002).The legal basis for cultural d...

Graduate School Admissions Exams Masters Degree Tests

If youre applying to graduate, law, medical, or business school youll be required to take a standard entrance examination. Isnt jumping through the hoops entailed in earning a college degree enough? Not in the eyes of graduate admissions committees. Few students relish the idea of standardized tests, but they help admissions officials determine who is capable of withstanding the rigors of graduate school. Why? Standardized Exams Standardized Comparisons Standardized exams are thought to measure an applicants potential to succeed in graduate school. A high grade point average (GPA) indicates success at your college or university. Standardized tests permit fair comparisons of students from a variety of universities and colleges with potentially differing grading standards. For example, consider two applicants with GPAs of 4.0, but from different universities. Is the 4.0 from the state university similar to the 4.0 from the ivy league college? Standardized tests are also the basis for awarding fellowships and other forms of financial assistance. Which Exam is Right for You? Applicants to graduate school complete the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal, quantitative, and analytical abilities. The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is taken by prospective business school students also measures verbal, quantitative, and analytical skills. The GMAT is published by the  Graduate Management Admission Council, which oversees graduate programs in business. Recently some business schools have started to accept the GRE as well as the GMAT (students may take either), but be sure to check the requirements of each program.   Prospective law students take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), which measures reading, writing, and logical reasoning. Finally, students who hope to attend medical school take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). How to Prepare for Standardized Exams Most standardized graduate-school tests are designed to identify potential success or capacities for success, rather than measure specific knowledge or achievement. While some subject knowledge is essential (the Medical College Admission Test, for instance, evaluates fluency in the sciences), most standardized tests seek to judge a candidates thinking skills. That said, they really do require knowledge, specifically quantitative (math) skills, vocabulary, reading comprehension skills, and writing skills (the ability to construct an articulate, persuasive, argument). The math is reported as basic knowledge gained at the secondary school level (high school). That doesnt mean that you can expect to coast through the exam effortlessly. Take time to bone up on algebra and geometry at the minimum. Likewise most applicants find that they need to increase their vocabulary. All applicants can benefit from practice taking the exam and learning strategies for each section. While you can study o n your own with a few good test prep books (LSAT, MCAT, GRE, GMAT),   many applicants find a formal review course very helpful.   Your score on the GRE, GMAT, LSAT, or MCAT is critical to your application. Exceptional standardized test scores can open up new educational opportunities, especially for students with weak applications because of low GPAs. Many grad programs use standardized exams as screens, filtering applicants by score. However, note that although performance on standardized tests is a strong factor in the admissions process, it is not the only element that will net you an acceptance to the graduate school of your dreams. Undergraduate transcripts, recommendation letters and an admissions essay are other considerations.

Why Or Not Parents Should Be Allowed Manipulate The Genes...

Sam Kaleel MU Talks Movies Murray 11/11/15 Gattaca Paper (Discuss whether or not parents should be allowed to manipulate the genes of their embryos to give potentially good traits, and get rid of bad traits). â€Å"Life would enter a new phase, one in which we seize the control of our own evolution†. Gregory Stock. I think that this one quote states it all; I think parents or anyone of that matter should not have that clout to decide on manipulating their child’s genes’. Medical technologies do not see Mother Nature as benign, and they’re by their very existence interfering with nature. With that being said I think inheritance is like a game of craps. Bad traits. I think that it’s unsafe to do. I know in recent years, there have been multiple deaths due the mishaps in genetic engineering. The viral instruments that are used to have the DNA into the cell may cause some lethal immune responses or even tumors. While this argument may be valid today, it is probably a technical problem or a DNA issue that will eventually be circumvented. Another safety argument is that when transgenes are inserted into the genome, they may disrupt functional genes and cause mutations. Now we do not know yet what such genetic technology will be used for. It could be curing lethal diseases; which is a good idea, and most certainly there are very few people who would be against curing lethal genetic diseases. Genetic engineering assumes that scientists know which traits are goodShow MoreRelatedDesigning Life : Right Or Wrong?971 Words   |  4 Pageschange however, occurs due to natural occurrences which called for adaptation which is the reason w hy so many different species have come to be. Human’s have become so advanced with technology that it is now possible to chose the gender of one’s child. However, choosing all of the â€Å"desirable† traits for one’s offspring has remained in movies, for now. It all burns down to the question: â€Å"How far should we go in using genetics to enhance human life?† Messing with the natural change of the human genomeRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Designer Babies1497 Words   |  6 PagesPatrice Tseh E101 Professor Jones 11/17/2017 In Class Argument Essay â€Å"Designer Babies† Why do people have children? Children are born to make families whole and to carry on the legacies of their parents as the next generation. Unfortunately, not everyone is able to conceive a child of their own. This may sometimes be due to health reasons or fertility. Moreover, every parent loves and strife to protect their children from the dangers of this world and always do whatever is necessary for the sakeRead MoreGenetic Engineering And The Human Race1974 Words   |  8 Pagespossibility and not a reality. With this in mind, one must wonder why; why has it remained a possibility? In order to successfully answer this, it is important to understand what genetic engineering is, and how it could allow the world, specifically the human race, to become healthier. In his article, â€Å"What’s Genetic Engineering,† Remy Melina, a staff writer for Live Science, defines genetic engineering as the use of technology to manipulate the genetic composition of an organism (Melin a). Basically geneticRead MoreThe Ethical Concept Of Genetic Engineering1157 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrates its relevance to midwifery professional practice and maternity care. Before analysing genetic engineering and looking at the arguments as to whether it is ethically right, an understanding of what the terms and lawful procedures mean should be determined. In order to construct this assignment, multiple resources were accessed. These resources included analysing books, both hard copies and electronically. Books are a logical source of information as they allow the reader to locate specificRead More Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy: Proceed with Caution Essay2183 Words   |  9 PagesNow we know, in large measure, our fate is in our genes. famous words that were stated by the co-founder of DNAs double helix structure, James Watson. In a large effect, in this day of modern science belief our fate is controlled by our genes. Our genes control our physical statue, our outward appearance, basically our entire bodily makeup is all determined by our genes. Mankind is at the edge of a new frontier in genetic medicine and gene therapy and how man advances into this field greatly depRead MoreIn The Early 1900’S Russian Plant Geneticist Georgi Dmitrievich1220 Words   |  5 Pagesused to manipulate the genome of a living human being. C onsidering Karpechenko’s example, mankind must tread carefully when applying genetic manipulation to humans. Though functional approximations of many mechanisms exist, cellular biology is far from being understood in its entirety. Therefore, rigorous clinical testing of genetic procedures would be essential. Eventually it may be possible to replace any gene with a more effective allele, or supplement a genome with an entirely new gene designedRead MoreThe Importance Of A Being Without Faults Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagestoday’s technology-based world. Today’s scientists and engineers have begun work on methods to manipulate the DNA of a person in order to, in a way, â€Å"customize† the traits and characteristics of a human. This is admittedly, a huge step forward for engineering. However, the issue now rests with whether or not we should be committing such an act. What are the benefits of such engineering? Is it ethical to manipulate the DNA of an unb orn child? And what are the repercussions that may arise from such advancedRead More Can Cloning and Christianity Coexist Essay3330 Words   |  14 Pages The first is DNA cloning, which is the replication of DNA strands. DNA cloning is usually the process of getting a cell to replicate a desired gene for us. DNA cloning has been used since the 1970’s and has persisted as an effective cheap means of replicating DNA of interest in a foreign host cell. â€Å"To clone a gene, a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restrictionRead MoreGermline Engineering and Reprogenetic Technologies Essay2044 Words   |  9 Pagesfind specific genes during the embryonic stage of reproduction. Scientists have already begun to use this knowledge to allow parents the ability to select the sex of their child and screen for genetic diseases via preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sex-selection has already created world-wide discussion regarding the ethics of such a situation. However, scientists are now looking toward germline engineering which will essentially allow parents to select andRead MoreHuman Rep Strategies Of Ivf3585 Words   |  15 Pagesunborn offspring but also some specific characteristics. When discussing the evolution of man-kind one fact emphasises itself above all others as the most recognized and the most important. Homo sapiens (in Biological Terms) prosperity consequently allowed the development of our species to come to pass resulting in being the dominant race on this planet. However whilst natural selection has led to our success so far as a species in the last 20 years, through experimentation, the ability to change our

Personal Opinion Reading The Cask Of Amontillado

Personal Opinion while reading The Cask of Amontillado: To my opinion when I read the story I felt the dark and raw energy, the originality and purity of such a dark story. I liked it. I have always liked original stories that have somewhat of a dark or gothic setting. I never liked werewolves, zombies or vampires though not that type of Gothic scene or setting. I like dark love stories but not the supernatural dead love stories. It’s not tolerable. At least to my likes and opinions. Techniques the author uses to help visualize the story: Well Montresor uses an excuse of an experience he had with Fortunato’s in a time of insult to name himself a god himself to judge Fortunato for his blunder doings towards him. Which in his opinion was just too much to handle. Place: We presence both protagonist at the carnival. Poe has probably used this setting to give a chance for the main protagonist Montresor to truly put at work his wicked plan. It is also well known that there are no deprivations and no place or the law to truly notice any bad and suspicious activity. Later we find ourselves in a Dark setting where Montresor and Fortunato go into these tombs or underground catacombs. Poe’s uses imagery. Montresor face is covered in a black silk mask, Montresor has a gothic like appearance probably representing mystery and his soon to be dark and cold revenge. While we see Fortunato drunk dressed as a buffoon. Who tragically is fooled by Montresor’s to his death. Fortunato, atShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Analysis Of Montresor’S Madness. One Of1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Analysis of Montresor’s Madness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most critically-acclaimed short stories, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† is well-known  ­for covering one of the you used one of the twice in one sentence most intriguing topics: retaliation.   The author, Edgar Allan Poe, lived an interesting life full of alcoholism and drug-addiction, but still managed to write many unforgettable pieces.   like what? In this short story, Edgar Allan Poe focuses on Montresor and his determination to exact revengeRead More Atmosphere of Terror and Suspense in Gothic Literature Essay4335 Words   |  18 Pagesgothic features include terror, mystery, ghosts, haunted houses, castles, darkness, death, decay and madness. The three gothic texts I will be analyzing are ?The Tell-Tale Heart/ by Edgar Alan Poe, ?The Red Room? by H.G. Wells and ?The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Alan Poe. I will be concentrating on the language used and their structure and characterization. The Tell-Tale Heart is the first-person narrative of an unnamed character that is taking care of an old man with a clouded eye. HisRead More`` The Cask Of Amontillado `` By Edgar Allan Poe1848 Words   |  8 Pagescharacter while Nathaniel Hawthorne’s stories are in the third person point of view where the narrator tells the story of the characters. The narration style of first person gives it a more intense feel to the audience such as the story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† than a third person narration style such as the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Edgar Allan Poe creates his short stories by telling them through the first person point of view which creates the quality of his stories. The main character in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 1792 Words   |  8 Pagesrelated; a centralizing mind or intelligence; not to be confused with opinion or belief â€Å"(Roberts, 119). Edgar Allan Poe famously uses point of view in all of his writings. According to Gargano, â€Å"An objective narrator is telling a terrible story objectively might be frightening, but even more frightening is a man telling without emotion the story of his own terrible crime†(Gargano, 52). In Poe’s story stories: â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, â€Å"Black Cat†, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, and â€Å"The Tell TaleRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesexamination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of critical appreciation. Nevertheless, one can give information and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction

Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe - 1095 Words

Since its publication in 1719, Robinson Crusoe has served as a popular adventure novel. The overall content of the story presents itself as nothing more than adventurous, but after a close reading it becomes clear that the narrative has an underlying message of colonialism. The novel tells the story of a European man who gradually gains complete control over an island in the Caribbean. The author, Daniel Defoe, presents colonialism by portraying the protagonist as someone who slowly and progressively asserts his dominion over the foreign land. In the novel colonialism is clearly reflected through the relationship between the colonized and the colonizer. It is through Crusoe’s interactions with Friday that multiple allegorical facets of colonialism such as economic power, psychological domination, and spiritual belief become evident to the reader. The relationship between Crusoe and Friday shows the relationship of master and slave. Crusoe metaphorically represents the imperial figure or colonizer while Friday becomes the metaphor for the colonized. Robinson however does not fall immediately into his role as colonizer he first has to establish control over the island itself and learn how to survive. This is why he is fearful and hesitant when he â€Å"was exceedingly surprised with the print of a man’s naked foot on the shore, which was very plain to be seen on the sand.† (133) The first sign of a civilization other than his own troubles Crusoe deeply causing him much worry andShow MoreRelatedRobinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe796 Words   |  4 PagesRobinson Crusoe Character Analysis â€Å"Bad things do happen in the world, like war, natural disasters, disease. But out of those situations always arise stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things.† Robinson Crusoe changes vastly, from a stubborn man to a prideful but knowledgeable one. While he accomplishes his journey of self-discovery, these are achieved by the several apparent forces. In the novel Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe, the forces fear, natural disasters, and religion changeRead MoreRobinson Crusoe, By Daniel Defoe1764 Words   |  8 PagesRobinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe, often is regarded as the first novel in history. Time and time again writers find themselves mirroring the themes of Robinson Crusoe in an attempt to create a work as highly acclaimed as the one that may have inspired them to write in the first place. In addition, critics have looked to the past to see if the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers have crept their way into Defoe’s influential work. Many authors and critics compare Robinson Crusoe with John Locke, particularlyRead MoreRobinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe936 Words   |  4 PagesThe title of the book that I have read is Robinson Crusoe written by Daniel Defoe. The misspelled and native language they spoke back in the day was something I wasn’t expecting from this book. The accent and the way they talked were something I can understand in their conversation. I had mixed emotions while reading this book and in some chapters, I can feel the hardships that Robinson Crusoe faced. Overall, this book was boring and exciting at the same time and was written well expect the wordsRead MoreDaniel Defoe s Robinson Crusoe1730 Words   |  7 PagesDaniel Defoe once said, â€Å"The soul is placed in the body like a rough diamond, and must be polished, or the luster of it will never appear † (BrainyQuote). This quote highlights Defoe’s look on life itself, for he underwent many different life experiences which allowed him to p hilosophize and reflect on himself and his connections with his own morals as well as God. Much of Defoe’s literature is influenced by his background. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is one of his greatest works, and Defoe’sRead MoreComparing Daniel Defoe and Robinson Crusoe901 Words   |  4 Pageswhen he prayed to have neither poverty or riches† (Defoe 2). This is a part of the lecture Robinson’s father had given when he tried to keep him from a life of sailing. But when your parents give you a lecture or advice, do you always listen? Sometimes you’ll disobey and follow your own path. Defoe did, and so did his fictional character Robinson Crusoe. Like this, Robinson and Defoe are alike in several ways. Defoe was inspired to write Robinson Crusoe by his living conditions, income, some of theirRead MoreDaniel Defoe s Robinson Crusoe1185 Words   |  5 Pagesa critical exegesis of Daniel Defoe s Robinson Crusoe (1719), insight and perception is gleaned in regards to both the way the text praises or condemns the priorities of its time and the examination of the values which underpin it. It is with this analysis of Robinson Crusoe that the values of the time in regards to; Colonialism, imperialism and religious neglect can be observed as either being praised or challenged. One of the most societally impacting features of Defoe s time was colonialismRead MoreAnalysis Of Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe1611 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Robinson Crusoe In Daniel Defoe’s novel, Robinson Crusoe, the story follows the title character throughout his adventurous and religious escapades. Robinson Crusoe spends a substantial amount of time in the novel alone, reflecting on his current situation and more importantly, his relationship with God. Defoe did write in many influential characters, the most important being the native escapee, Friday. Defoe structured Crusoe and Friday’s relationship as very co-dependent in suchRead MoreDaniel Defoe s Robinson Crusoe915 Words   |  4 Pagesaristocratic system , a structure defined by the positions of a society that is ruled by a single leader. In the case of Robinson Crusoe (1719), a King, a common expression of authority. I argue that in Daniel Defoe’s novel, Robinson Crusoe does view himself as â€Å"King or Emperor† of the island he occupies and is often portrayed as this powerful individual throughout the novel. I assert that Crusoe, being the only dweller of the island, immediately sees himself as the absolute ruler, which I suggest is to increaseRead MoreDaniel Defoe s Robinson Crusoe2195 Words   |  9 PagesDaniel Defoe’s novel, Robinson Crusoe, is an allegory to what was occurring in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. Robinson Crusoe narrates the book in a way that tells the reader what it was like to live in the 17th and 18th centuries. Crusoe provides us with a microcosm of what types of governments were being established at the time, the way people thought, how religion played a part in the lives of the people, how plantations came to be by the Europeans, and how big of a role slavery playsRead MoreRobinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe762 Words   |  3 PagesRobinson Crusoe parents wanted him to get a job in the close to home but he liked traveling and challenge of adventure. His odyssey started when he left home and his parents. After a series of unlucky and short voyages a storm h it his boat and his destiny threw him away from the rest of the world, in an unknown island that would be his living place for the rest 28 years of his life. But at least he can be thankful to God

Project Proposal free essay sample

Within the vicinity of the barangay IV. Status: This project is new and must be reviewed thoroughly within the council of the barangay and the local government unit. V. Beneficiary: All the constituents will benefit the said project. It will help the barangay in experiencing floods not only cater the amount of waste carried on the drainages. So this project proposal could be a tool in changing the people’s perception on having such illness when heavy rains approaches in the barangay. VI. Background: The flood problems will be easily counteracted because of the easy access to this establishment. VII. Justification: This project proposal must be prioritized by the barangay officials to cater the needs of their constituents. It is indeed a great help for the people. This is one way for them to easily access all the programs implemented by the barangay. Unfortunately, some of the resources are lacking, one of those is the recovering of drainages which would contribute a great help to the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is universally accepted that having smooth flow on drainages  contributes to a clean and safe place when bad instances like typhoons came, so therefore this project must not be taken for granted, for this will not only benefit the people and their family but the community as a whole. VIII. Objectives: If approved, this project will be able to: 1. Promote cleanliness and peace among the people in the community. 2. Provide easy access in response to safety problems during emergency cases. 3. Let the people maximize and make use the facilities offered by the barangay. This project is a joint venture between the local government unit and the barangay council. The barangay council must be able to counterpart and appropriate a certain percent of budget that would sustain the quality and the efficiency of the facilities. The local government unit headed by the municipal mayor must find a way to obtain sponsorship to avail such materials from the Department of Public Works and Highway. The profits earned by the barangay will be used in maintaining the needs of the barangay. Furthermore the profits will not only be used in maintaining but could also be used for emergency purposes among the constituents of the barangay. The barangay officials, together with the barangay treasurer spearheaded by the barangay captain will be the one responsible in managing, consolidating, and allocating the funds. Upon the construction of the project the barangay council should take into consideration in consulting the municipal engineer, in this way it could be a great help for them to have a blueprint on the kind of establishment they will construct. The construction must be monitored by the barangay council with cooperation of the local government unit. The budget must be counterchecked from time to time to avoid discrepancies and possible loses. Receipts must be always be keep by the person in charge on that day. The barangay council in order to evaluate the progress of the project must include in their monthly session all the concerns that must be improved and maintain. It is also important that people must give their all out support to preserve integrity and feasibility. XIII. Summary: The said project proposal is entitled, â€Å"Recovering of Drainage† which will be located within the vicinity of the barangay. This project proposal aims to lessen the community problems during calamities. It is to benefit all the constituents of the barangay especially when it comes to the safety problems during emergency cases as well as to educate the people in terms of doing what is right during calamities. This project is new and must be reviewed thoroughly within the council of the barangay and the local government unit.

Positive Versus Normative Analysis in Economics

Question: Discuss about the Positive Versus Normative Analysis in Economics. Answer: Introduction: Primarily, the United Arab Emirates economy is an open market economy made up of various sectors. Essentially, it is made up of the producing, households, the government, financial sector, and rest the world sectors. These sectors operate intermittently and in association with each other. Notably, the countrys circular model comprises of the major exchanges and flow of money, services, and goods that occur between the economic agents (Mankiv, 2011). The actions of the various participants in the market economy generate national income, expenditure, and output, which then flow from one component to the other. Therefore, the circular flow model of the UAE involves the interactions between individuals, firms, the government and the rest of the world. The UAE has various households who act as consumers of services and goods produced within and outside the country. Primarily, households in the UAE supply firms with factors of production such as human capital, land, enterprise and real capital. Consequently, they receive rewards and income for the factors of production (Beggs, 2017). For instance, landowners in the country supply their land to firms and receive rent as compensation. In the same way, entrepreneurs provide their enterprise and in return they receive profits. On the other hand, the countrys labor force offer their human capital in various industries and firms and are paid in the form of wages and salaries. Lastly, capitalists within the state provide capital and in exchange receive interest as the factor payment (Beggs, 2017). Notably, the households may choose to consume all their income or save some instead of spending it all. The circular flow of income model for the UAEe Predominantly, firms in the country play the role of producing services and goods for the households and businesses within and outside the UAE. As such, local companies produce goods and services meant for domestic and export consumption. Often, they utilize the factors of production provided by the households to produce these commodities (Khan, n.d.). After they produce the commodities, they sell them to households who then pay for them with the income they earned from selling their factors of production. This way, the firms earn income. With the income earned, companies may invest in capital assets. Thus, they may purchase capital goods from other businesses. Mainly, the countrys public sector is controlled and managed by the government. Typically, the government earns its revenues through taxing households and firms within the state (Bogdan, 2010). The payment of taxes to the government represents a leakage from the economys flow of income. Nonetheless, it often injects money back into the circular flow by spending on public goods and services (Bogdan, 2010). Today, the UAE government spends on healthcare services, defense, and security among others. It also supports the poor and those that are unable to get employment within the prevailing market conditions. Predominantly, the countrys financial sector comprises of banks and non-bank institutions. Typically, these organizations act as intermediaries between economic agents. Often, they receive money in terms of savings. They also lend money to households and firms. Additionally, they engage in investment activities within the economy. Whereas savings is a leakage, investments is an injection of money into the countrys circular flow of income. As a whole, the UAE economy participates in international trade. For this reason, it pays for goods and services that are imported and earns income from commodities that are exported from the nation. Foreign consumers buy domestic products, thereby injecting income into the circular flow. Positive and Normative Statements Typically, in economic analysis, economic agents make various statements about the prevailing economic conditions. Characteristically, these statements may be classified either as positive or normative statements. It is imperative to note that positive statements are always based on what is happening in the economy and can be proven as true or false depending on the available facts (Beggs, 2015). More specifically, these statements use scientific principles to arrive at objective and testable conclusions. On the other hand, normative statements are subjective and opinion based (Caplin Schotte, 2008). For this reason, they cannot be proved or disapproved. Although they use factual evidence as support, they are often not factual. Instead, they incorporate the underlying morals and opinions of the individual making the statement. References Caplin, A. Schotte, A. (2008). The Foundations of Positive and Normative Economics: A Handbook. Oxford. Beggs, J. (2014). Positive versus Normative Analysis in Economics. ThoughtCo.com. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/positive-versus-normative-analysis-1147005. Beggs, J. (2017). The Circular-Flow Model of the Economy. ThoughtCo.com. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/the-circular-flow-model-of-the-economy-1147015. Blackhouse, R. Yann, G. (2010). Circular flow diagrams. In Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics (222-229) Bogdan, D. (2010). Introducing the Circular Flow Diagram to Business Students. Journal of Education for Business, 85, no. 5: 276. Khan, S. Circular flow of income and expenditures. Khan Academy. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/gdp-topic/circular-econ-gdp-tutorial/v/circular-flow-of-income-and-expenditures. Mankiv, G. (2011). Principles of Economics (6th Ed.). Europe: Thomson.